Lesson 8: The Fur Trade, Talon, and The Fishing Admirals

A. Radisson and Groseilliers
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.1, 7.2, 7.4
CS,
KBCE: pp. 34-35
C&C: p. 26

2) Map(s):
(a) Trace the route Radisson and Groseilliers took to Hudson's bay by land. Colour in the other areas they went to. (Dickie, p. 53)
(b) Locate Fort Charles
(c) Colour all the rivers that "empty into the Hudson's bay" in red. Label it "Rupert's Land." use this map

3) Activities: colouring page of the popular rodent here or try this one. Make a paper model.

Make felt. instructions here. and here making felt from old sweaters, and a good explanation of how it works here

How to make a hat from store bought felt. (Rather advanced).
Making a doll-sized hat from felt.

4) Time-line Figure or image:
placement: 1670, Hudson's Bay Company founded.

5) Supplemental readings:
Why did the Europeans want the beaver?
(see p. 28, Heritage of Canada.)
The Beaver's importance in the fur trade discussed in this article from the on-line Encyclopedia of Canada, youth edition. Includes a nice picture of beaver hats.
Nice little history here with details of R&G's trip to London during the plague.
A rather more extensive account of their travels including their interactions and affect upon Aboriginal Peoples here. A terrific resource for maps and pictures, too.

More Reading:
(some may be out of print)

Runner of the Woods: The Story of Young Radisson by Cicero Theodore Ritchie Gr. 5+

Captured By the Mohawks and other adventures of Radisson by Sterling North Gr. 4+

Bay of the North - The Story of Pierre Radisson
by Ronald Syme
Gr. 3+

CBYR: Pierre-Esprit Radisson


B. Talon
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.3
CS,
C&C: pp. 28-29

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: Great Expectations, Daughters of the King, Birth of the Canadiens.

2) Map(s): see the seigneurial system illustration in The Canadian Encyc. Youth Ed. (link below).

3) Activities: draw your own picture of how the farms would be laid out along the river. Include this on your notebook page.

4) Time-line Figure or image: Jean Talon
placement: 1665 (Talon arrives).

5) Supplemental readings:
Dear Canada Alone in an Untamed Land by Maxine Trottier
Great Canadian Lives, pp.76-77
Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition: The Seigneurial system
If you wanted to spend a lot of time on this, take a look at this grade seven class project on the seigneurial system

CBYR: Jean Talon

C. The Fishing Admirals and the Newfoundlanders
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.5
CS,

2) Map(s): If I can, I'd love to find a map of the settlements established by this time in Newfoundland.

3) Activities: make cod fish cakes.

4) Time-line Figure or image: late 17thC fishing vessel flying the Admiral's standard.
placement: The authority of The Fishing Admirals was first established by King Charles I in 1634.

5) Supplemental readings:
What was a fishing admiral? Read this article from the Encyclopedia of Canada, youth edition.

this article makes it clear that the English government discouraged settlement because 1) they did not want the expense of maintaining a government in the colony year-round and 2) they were not confident they could maintain control of any such colony given what was happening in their colonies to the south. As well, the migratory fishery was in the control of powerful West Country Merchant's who held sway with the English parliament. Thus, the empowerment of the Fishing Admirals and the antagonism between them and the settlers.

photograph of salt cod drying on a wharf. photograph of flakes in Narrow's Bay.

list of books from library

Lesson 7: Three Colonies

The Battle of Long Sault.

A. Pirates in Newfoundland.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.1
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 52-53, "The Two G's."
"Lend me Your Ears," and
"Pirate Fodder."
The Story of Canada, p. 47, "The Pirate Admiral"

2) Map(s):none.

3) Activities:
This is an excellent resource for a unit study culminating in a pirate lap book and other activities.

Shiver me timbers, build a a toddler sized pirate ship! (or something smaller, if you must.)

Crafts and worksheets from enchanted learning
pirate ship colouring page
label a sailboat

4) Time-line Figure or image: a scull and crossbones here (click to enlarge). (The page will help you plan a whole pirate themed party!)

excellent black and white image as well as a thoughtful history of piracy.

placement: in 1615 John Guy left the colony, never to return. The colony at Cupids itself was abandoned in 1631.

5) Supplemental readings:

biography of Peter Easton
Real Canadian Pirates from Lone Pine Publishing.

CBYR: Peter Easton

list of books from library: none.

B. The Acadian Civil War.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 6.2*
CS,
*Dickie refers to D'Aulnay as Charnisay. As this site makes clear, they were indeed the same person.

2) Map(s):
Find and mark both Port Royal (from previous map) and Saint John (from atlas) on this map.
3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: Image of d'Aulnay
Nice image of Lady LaTour

placement: 1645

5) Supplemental readings:
More on Mdme LaTour's defence of the fort
More history of Port Royalhere. scroll down.

list of books from library. (on Acadia, generally).

*do a Historical report on Mdme. LaTour.

C. Two Women Come to Quebec.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.3
CS,

2) Map(s): (see following Section E)

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: terrific french language site with lots of original images including the arrival of the Ursuline nuns.
placement: 1639

5) Supplemental readings:
on Mdme de la Peltrie from The Catholic Encyclopedia
on "Mother Marie"
on both

list of books from library: none.

D. The Founding of Ville Marie (Montreal)
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.4
CS,
C&C: p.24

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: A Holy City in the Wilderness, Death of a Nation

2) Map(s): See Map section after E.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image
placement: see a wonderful picture of the settlement at Ville Marie at the site in (4) above.

placement: 1642

5) Supplemental readings:
from Ford, Karen: Canadian Lives: Paul de Maisonneuve, p. 52-52 and Jeanne Mance, p.54

book from library:
Caring for a colony : the story of Jeanne Mance by Joanna Emery

CBYR: Paul de Chomedy de Maisonneuve,
Jeanne Mance, and
Marguerite Bourgeoys

E. The Iroquois Attack: The Missions Destroyed and the Battle of Long Sault.

1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.5, 6.6

2) Map(s): (a) Place the four missions on the map of the Great Lakes Region.

(b) Using an atlas, locate Quebec City (blue),
the Long Sault* (green),
Trois Riviers (Three Rivers)(yellow)
and Ville Marie (Montreal) (red) and put on this map

*Locating Long Sault: On the Ottawa River, below the present city of Ottawa.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image:
Dollard on a postage stamp (1960)
placement: Retreat from Huronia: 1649
Battle of long Sault: 1660

5) Supplemental readings: On the Battle of Long Sault.
more on Dollard
another account of the battle from Canada Post(same site as above)

list of books from library: (none).

Lesson 5: Champlain, Settlements and Hudson

A. Samuel de Champlain

1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 4.1 (Journey to Tadoussac)
4.2 Founding of Port Royal
4.3 Founding of Quebec
KBCE, p. 26-27
C&C: p. 18
F of C: p. 10 (Port Royal)
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 44-46, "Champlain to the Rescue" (The misadventure at St. Croix, the founding of Port Royal, (Acadia) and Quebec City.
The Story of Canada, p. 36-37, "Fur Traders"

Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 59-65
"Iroquois Versus Champlain: The Lines are Drawn"
"Coureurs de Bois and Voyageurs" (Etienne Brule)
"The First Habitant" (1617, Louis Hebert)
"Company of One Hundred" (The Recollects, the first missionaries)
"The Kirke Brothers Take Quebec"
"The Death of Champlain"

The Story of Canada: pp. 46-53
"Introduction," "The Corngrowers," "Champlain's Colony."

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: Champlain's Gamble, The Price of Friendship.

2) Maps:
Of his journeys here.
Of the founding of Port Royal: here. It's in the same location as Annapolis Royal. (Note St. Croix across the river.)
or use the map "Champlain's Exploration" in Chapter 4 of the Student Activity Guide for Story of The World Vol. 3.

The Canadian Historical Atlas has five of his journeys mapped on The Atlantic Coast and Saint Lawrence River 1603 to 1607 Sadly, his trips to Huronia and to Lake Champlain are not among them.

3) Activities:

Port Royal:
Take a virtual tour of Port Royal National Park. (A bit wordy for young kids, though).

Appoint one child the Grand Master of the Order of Good Cheer for the day. Have the child plan dinner and the evening's entertainment for the family.

Champlain and the Alqonquin and the Montagnais
Colouring page, p. 27, Dover (Champlain trains his Native Allies to use the matchlock musket)

Founding Quebec:
A line drawing of the Habitation at Quebec by C.W. Jeffrey's (can be used as a colouring page)

Defending Quebec:
For Logic Stage kids: Write a letter home or keep a journal for one week describing living in the habitation during the winter of 1628/9.

For Logic Stage kids (or older): What was the treaty called which restored Quebec and Acadia back to France? (hint: it was most likely signed in 1632).

For Logic Stage Kids: Begin the chart "Back and Forth (between the British and French)" to keep track of the possessions handed back and forth during the conflicts in North America. (See template, to be uploaded to a reliable file hosting site)

For Logic stage kids: Compare the voyages of Cabot, Cartier and Champlain using this chart. (To be uploaded to a reliable file hosting site). Construct a venn diagram, if wanted, then write a few sentences comparing the explorers using the data.

4) Time-line Figure or image: from Britannica
see also C&C, Champlain's Habitation, p. 70 (it is based on the Jeffrey's above)
or Champlain's drawing at this site from The Canadian Encyclopedia.
placement: 1605 for Port Royal, 1608 for Quebec

5) Supplemental readings:
brief biography here
more details here.
History of Port Royal.
The Father of New France from The Men Who Found America by Frederick Winthrop Hutchinson
The Father of New France and The Founding of Quebec from Our Empire Story by H. E. Marshall
see also How a Bold Answer Saved Quebec and How the Union Jack was Hoisted Upon the Fort of St. Louis."


CBYR: Samuel de Champlain

B. The English Settle
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 4.4
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 51-54, "Rule Britannia! An Empire Founded by Fog?"


2) Maps: Blackline map of Newfoundland found here. You can crop and re-size it or use this historic one from Histoire du Chevalier d'Iberville by Adam-Charles-Gustave Desmazures at Project Gutenberg or this one (to be uploaded to a reliable file hosting web site).

Whichever map you choose, you'll have to do a bit of research to locate Cupids. Using an atlas,
1) Find Newfoundland
2) Find the Avalon Peninsula, label it on your map
(what is a peninsula?)
3) Label St. John's
4) Find Trinity Bay and Conception Bay, label them on your map.
5) Find Cupids. It will be south of Harbour Grace and Bay Roberts. (see p. 31 of Heritage Canada or the maps at this B&B site for help if needed).

3) Activities: Map-work (see above).

4) Time-line Figure or image: sketch of John Guy
placement: 1610

5) Supplemental readings: contains a useful map
a whole site devoted to the area.
this site is an amusing account of Newfoundland history. Contains a really useful section explaining the differences between the English method of getting cod ready for transport and the others'. Worth printing out the section for the kids to read. (and then sequence)

Could try Newfoundland, history if wanted.

C. Henry Hudson
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 4.5
KBCE, p. 28-29
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 49-51, "The Lonely Fate of Henry Hudson" and "The Mystery of Henry Hudson."
Story of Canada: pp. 38-41, "Northern Seas."

2) Maps: excellent map of the last two voyages here

Blackline map: modify Map of the American Colonies, from Story of the World Activity Guide, Volume 2, Student pages, Ch 40, p. 161. or
use the map in the Story of the World Activity Guide, Volume 3, Student pages, Ch. 4, p. 11

3) Activities:
Colouring page: p. 30, Dover or Story of the World Activity Guide, Volume 3, Student pages, Ch. 4, p. 13

4) Time-line Figure or image: Hudson
placement: 1610

5) Supplemental readings:

Non Fiction:
Beyond the Sea of Ice: The Voyages of Henry Hudson by Joan Elizabeth Goodman. Beautiful and engaging.
Henry Hudson: Famous Explorers by Claude Hurwicz.
Hudson: Henry Hudson Searches for the Northwest Passage by Robin Santos Doak.

detailed account of the third voyage from a website devoted entirely to him.
Hudson Finds His Bay from A Book of Discovery by M. B. Synge

CBYR: Henry Hudson

Fiction:
Ghosts of James Bay by John Wilson