Lesson 13: A Treaty, A Rebellion and A Proclamation

Ottawa Tribal Chief, Pontiac


A. The First Winter under the British
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 11.1 (&2)
Canadian History for Dummies, p. 131-133, "Aftermath," "Canada under British Military Rule," and "1763: The Treaty of Paris"

2) Map(s): Compare this map, "Boundaries as claimed in 1754 at Beginning of French and Indian War," to this map "British Era, 1763-1775." What land was given to the British by the Treaty?

3) Activities: none

4) Time-line Figure or image: James Murray from The Encyclopedia of Canada
placement: 1760

5) Supplemental readings:
Non-Fiction:
A transcript of the Treaty of Paris at the Ohio History Central website.

A nice table depicting the swap of territories in the Treaty of 1763.

Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition:

book(s) from library:

More books (not previewed. Some may be out of print).


B. Pontiac's Rebellion
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 11:3
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 133-134 "The Pontiac Rebellion"

Video: Episode

2) Map(s): The map mentioned above "British Era, 1763-1775" also shows the Forts captured by Pontiac.

3) Activities: Play Lacrosse. How-To from Wiki how

4) Time-line Figure or image: Pontiac
placement: 1763

5) Supplemental readings:
Non-Fiction:
From Google Books: The Child's History of Canada by Henry H. Miles Ch. 43 (or google pdf pages 122-124)

From Canada: Peeps at History by Beatrice Home THE EARLY YEARS OF THE ENGLISH DOMINION IN CANADA (this selection proceeds rather rapidly to the war of 1812. A slower, more leisurely account of Pontiac's war can be found in Indian History for Young Folks, by Francis S. Drake: PONTIAC'S WAR.

Enchanted Learning has a nice little biography of Chief Pontiac.

Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition:


book(s) from library:

More books (not previewed. Some may be out of print).

C. The Royal Proclamation
1) Primary Texts:
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 134-135 "The Royal Proclamation,"
pp. 136-137, "Canada Under Civil Rule"


2) Map(s): Once again, the map mentioned above, "British Era, 1763-1775".

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image:
placement:

5) Supplemental readings:

Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition:

book(s) from library:

More books (not previewed. Some may be out of print).

Lesson 12: How The British Won Canada*

*or, The Seven Years' War (North American Conflicts)
or, The French and Indian Wars


A. Overview and Outbreak
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.6
C&C: Lesson 14, pp. 36-37.
F of C: Chapter 3: Military Forts. pp. 24-39
Canadian History for Dummies: p. 117-118, "The Conquest,"
p. 118-121, "The Shooting Starts," to "Early French Victories."
p. 120, "Confused by all these wars? Here's why"

Video: Episode 4: Battle for a Continent (for all units)

2) Map(s):
(a) Locate the following rivers on this map.
The St. Lawrence River
The Ohio River
The Mississippi River

Then, using this map as a reference (Boundaries as claimed in 1754 at Beginning of French and Indian War) roughly sketch in the claims on the land made by the Spanish, British and French.

(b): Using the timetable (below), circle the forts on this map, "The Seven Years' War" (to be uploaded to a reliable file host) won by the French before 1759 in blue. Then take a red pencil and circle the gains made by the British in 1759 and 1760.

Question for Analysis: Who was William Pitt and why was he important to the war?

4) Time-line Figure or image: George Washington. Nice portrait of Washington in uniform as colonel of the Virginia Regiment
placement: 1754

5) Supplemental reading:
Here is a nice table of the various conflicts and when they occurred.

This is an absolutely fabulous teaching module for the Seven Years' War aimed towards Junior or Senior High School kids.

Book(s): (for all units)

Non-Fiction:
(be wary of a pro-US slant in some)
Revolution, War, and the Loyalists (Hardcover) by David Baldwin
The French and Indian War 1660-1763 by Christopher and James Lincoln Collier
Struggle for a Continent: The French an Indian Wars, 1689-1763, by Betsy Maestro and Giulio Maestro

Fiction: (not previewed. Some may be out of print).
Battle For the Rock by Joseph Schull Gr. 5+
Battle in the Wilderness by Konrad Kellen
Calico Captive by Elizabeth George Speare Gr. 5+
The Death of My Country: The Plains of Abraham Diary of Geneviève Aubuchon Québec, New France, 1759 by Maxine Trottier (Part of the Dear Canada series)
Drummer Boy For Montcalm by Wilma Pitchford Hays Gr. 3+
The Gold-Laced Coat by Helen Fuller Orton Gr. 4+
The Last of the Mohicans by James Fennimore Cooper
The Sign of the Beaver by Elizabeth George Speare
With Wolfe in Quebec: The Winning of a Continent by G.A. Henty Gr. 6+



B. The Fall of Louisbourg
1) Primary Texts:
Canadian History for Dummies: p. 121, "The Fall of Louisbourg,"

3) Activities: Take this sheet, "Louisbourg" (to be uploaded to a reliable file host) and record what happened that year. Be sure to state who controlled the Fort!

4) Time-line Figure or image: Capture of Louisbourg, 1745 (a bit early for our time, but it serves to remind us that it was captured before (and then returned to the French by treaty in 1748))
placement: 1758

Books:
Non-Fiction
Fortress of Louisbourg by John Fortier

Fiction:
Streets of Gold, by George Rawlyk. (Northern Lights Series)


C. The Battle of Quebec
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.6
S of C: pp. 68-75, The War of the Conquest
C&C: continued from above
Canadian History for Dummies: p. 122-128. From "1759: The Battle for Quebec" to "On the Plains of Abraham"


2) Map(s):
After reading the description of what happened here use the map to:

Draw the approach of Wolfe’s troops with a red dotted line.

Indicate (in blue) where most of the French army was.

Draw a star where Montcalm chose to meet the British.

(Print off the page or map or use this worksheet, "The Battle of Quebec" (to be uploaded to a reliable file host).


3) Activities:
Using the Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition, look up the following:

James Wolfe

Louis Joseph Montcalm

François-Gaston de Lévis

Pierre de Vaudreuil

Jeffrey Amherst

Tell whether they were French or English, what battles they fought and whether they won or lost.

4) Time-line Figure or image: Wolfe and Montcalm, from The Museum of Civilisation and Culture, Canada.
placement: 1759

Supplemental Readings:
CBYR: Wolfe and Montcalm

Lesson 11: Peace, Exploration, Government, Louisbourg, and The Great Upheaval

Deportation of Acadians order, read by Winslow in Grand-Pré church, painting by C.W. Jefferys.


A. Life in the French Colony
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.1

2) Map(s): have children colour a map of Upper North America showing the areas claimed by England and those by France. Reference map here

3) Activities: If the seigneury system has not yet been done, this would be a time to look at it.

4) Time-line Figure or image: none

5) Supplemental readings:
Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition: The St. Lawrence River

books from library:


B. La Verendrye's Explorations
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.2
KBCE: p. 36
S of C: p. 63


Video: Episode?

2) Map(s): great reference map. Blackline map of the forts he established.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: great images this article.
placement: First Expedition: 1731
La Verendrye's sons reach the Rockies, 1743

5) Supplemental readings:
Enchanted Learning
The Virtual Museum of New France
An interesting account here of La Verendrye's relationship with the Ojibwa and Cree and how his forts disrupted HBC.

books(s) from library: Pierre de La Vérendrye by Anna Rebus.

C. A Governor comes to Newfoundland.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.3

2) Map(s):

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image:Her Majesties penitentiary, Newfoundland.
placement: Henry Osbourne (Osborne) was commissioned in 1729.

5) Supplemental readings: More info from this site on the Legal History of Newfoundland. Includes source document of his commission.
Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition: none
book(s) from library: none wanted

D. Fortress of Louisbourg
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: (not mentioned)
C&C: Lesson 12, pp. 32-33
F of C: 18-19,


2) Map(s): See Halifax below.

Video: Episode 3--Claiming the Wilderness: 1749 Was a Very Good Year.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or images:
a gallery of images of the reconstructed fort.
Placement: 1713

The plan of the fort and legend

View of the harbour from the fort.

Supplemental Readings:
a very nice entry from Wikipedia
Canadian Encyclopedia, Youth Edition: Louisbourg.

snippet of info on the expulsion of the Acadians and the capture of Louisbourg by the English in 1753 from The War Museum

book(s) from library:
There have always been foxes
Trottier, Maxine.


E. The English Build Halifax
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.4
C&C: pp 34-35
F of C: p. 16

Video: Episode 3--Claiming the Wilderness: The Oath, The Great Dispersal.

2) Map(s): reference map here
blackline here

Mark the following: Cape Breton Island, Louisbourg. St. Lawrence River. Annapolis Royal. Bay of Fundy. Halifax. A plan of the settlement here.
(Find images of Louisbourg, Halifax and Annapolis Royal plus historically accurate sailing ships (French and English) to place on map.)

3) Activities: Chop down a tree. (Seriously, the whole place was completely wooded. They has to clear a lot of land to create the settlement.)
Make a Martello Tower (from FofC, p. 17)

4) Time-line Figure or image: An early image of Halifax: plans for the settlement from Collections Canada.
Small, black and white of Cornwallis. Colour portrait from Collections Canada.
placement: 1749

5) Supplemental readings: Not an elementary reading by any means, but thorough: From The History of Nova Scotia, Book 1: Acadia, Part 5, ch 4, (also useful for the expulsion below.)

Other sources:
History of Halifax from Collections Canada
Another brief account here.

book(s) from library:

Elizabeth. Book four, Wide as Wings by Anne Laurel Carter
(Part of Our Canadian Girl series.)

Acadian Homecoming : Congrès mondial acadien
Doucet, Clive, 1946-

Elizabeth: Bless this House by Anne Laurel Carter (from Penguin's "Our Canadian Girl" series)

Banished from our Home, The Acadian Diary of Angélique Richard Grand-Pré, Acadia, 1755 by Sharon Stewart From Scholastic's "Dear Canada" Series

*Life in Acadia by Rosemary Neering (pp. 46-49)

Other Readings (some may be out of print):

Prisoner in Louisbourg by Zillah & Colin Macdonald (Gr. 5+)

Dickie does not mention
1) That the colony was founded to buffer the prescence of the newly built French fortress Louisbourg which had been built to protect the entrance to the St. Lawrence in Cape Breton.
2) how Cornwallis placed a bounty of ten pounds sterling on MicMac scalps, and
3) that the Acadians had thiry years of peace after the founding of Halifax and that throughout numerous "take-overs" had never fought for any side.


F. The Great Upheaval.
MFHC: 10.5
C&C: (see above)

Video: Episode (see above)

2) Map(s): Fantastic interactive map from the CBC on the Acadians. Click here and then click on the "Interactive Atlas."
This pdf. map of the 13 colonies shows where most of the Acadians went. However, it does not show Nova Scotia. (Acadia.)

Trace the dispersion on this map: when I find one, or make one, I'll let you know.
Where did they go?
From Wikipedia

3) Activities:
Sing the Acadian National Anthem. Link here

Colour the Acadian flag. Printable page here. If this doesn't work, the page may also be accessed in the side bar under "Colouring Book of Canadian Flags. Link to a brief description of the flag.

Listen to some great Acadian music. (Cajun is a good search term).
group: Beausoliel; there are many, many others.

4) Time-line Figure or image: painting by C. W. Jeffrys at Wikipedia
placement: 1755-1763

5) Supplemental readings:

Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

book(s) from library:

Banished from our home : the Acadian diary of Angélique Richard by Sharon Stewart. Part of the Dear Canada series.

A Land Divided by John F. Hayes (Gr. 5+)
1755-1763. 285 p. Won Governor General’s Literary Award (Juvenile Text) 1951.

A Proper Acadian by M. A. Downie & G. Rawlyk (Gr. 3+)
Re-published as A Song for Acadia
1755 (Expulsion of Acadians) 62p.

Other readings: (Some may be out of print)
Escape from Grand Pre by Frances C. Thompson (Gr. 2-4)
Evangeline and the Acadians by Robert Tallant (Gr. 3+)
Secret Under the Whirlpool by Elaine Breault Hammond (Gr. 5+)
Streets of Gold by George Rawlyk (Gr. 2-4)

Lesson 10: Fights on Various Fronts.

Frontenac to a delegation sent from Phips with an invitation to surrender: "I have no reply to make other than the from the mouths of my canons and muskets."

A. The Fight for Hudson Bay
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 9.1,

2) Map(s): Trace the journey Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville made to capture the forts. (Reference is in Dickie, p. 65) Also here

(For this, one needs a nice map of the James Bay area which extends far enough North to include Fort Nelson and includes the Ottawa River and Montreal) This one could possibly be cut down and re-sized.

3) Activities: none.

4) Time-line Figure or image: D'Iberville. (lovely pen and ink illustration here.
placement: 1686

5) Supplemental readings:
CBYR: Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville


B. Count Frontenac, Louis de Baude

1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
C&C: Lesson 11, p.30
F of C:

My emphasis will be on Frontenac's defence against William Phips.

Video: Episode 3: Claiming the Wilderness, To the Upper Country (LaSalle), The First Colonial War, The Great Peace.

2) Map(s): Interesting map of Phips campaign here
also shows the location of a sunken ship which may or may not have been part of Phips' fleet.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: Frontenac (Click on it, it's actually quite large!)
placement: 1689

5) Supplemental readings:
Count Frontenac, (pp 80-81) from Great Canadian Lives, by Karen Ford.
CBYR: Louis de Baude, Comte de Frontenac et de Palluau

The conflict between Phips and Frontenac was part of a larger conflict called "King William's War." See this article to put the conflict within that context. Not really something to go into with the kids now, though.

C. Madeleine de Vercheres
1) Primary Sources:
MFHC: 9.5

3) Activity: colouring page from the Canadian War Museum History colouring book. Try the link to the French version if the English isn't working: here

4) Time-line Figure or image: a painterly rendition (but not the portrait).
placement: 1692

5) Supplemental readings:
Madeleine de Vercheres, (pp 84-85) from Great Canadian Lives, by Karen Ford.
nicely written biography on a blog here.

CBYR: Madeleine Jarret de Vercheres

books from library:
Madeleine de Vercheres by Janet Grant.
Canadian Heroes by Maxine Trottier

Lesson 9: Explorers Head In: The Mississippi, LaSalle, Kelsey

A. The Mississippi: Louis Jolliet and Father Marquette
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: ch 8.2

2) Map(s): of their journey down the Mississippi
this map shows the short cut for the journey back.

From enchanted Learning: Outline map of North American Rivers: label the Mississippi (use an atlas to figure it out) or use the answer key


3) Activities:
colouring page, Dover, p. 34
Cool interactive puzzle of the Mississippi River here
Instructions for making a 3-D map (would work for any region)

4) Time-line Figure or image: here from The Virtual Museum of New France website.
placement: 1673
other: illustrations from rare books. Includes some of La Salle.

5) Supplemental readings:
Father Marquette's Journal by Jacques Marquette
Further account of their journey from Pathfinders and Passageways.
brief description of journey here. Suitable for outlining.

CBYR: Loius Jolliet

B. The Journeys of LaSalle
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 8.4

Video: Episode 3: Claiming the Wilderness: To the Upper Country (LaSalle).

2) Map(s): On this map, locate Fort Frontenac (Kingston) and Niagara Falls. Then trace La Salle's route to the Mackinac, then to the Wisconsin River.
See this map for reference.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: Fort "Brokenheart" (or, properly, Crevecourt)
More to our purposes, Fort Frontenac. According to Wikipedia, LaSalle replaced a wooden fort already there with one made of stone.
placement: 1675

5) Supplemental readings:
From The Virtual Museum of New France, see Emissary and Protégé of Frontenac, Builder of Forts, and Louisiana for the sections which correspond to Dickie's account.

brief account here from enchanted learning.

a much more detailed (and likely more accurate) history from The Pathfinders and Passageways website.

The Adventures of LaSalle and The Adventures of LaSalle, (continued) from Our Empire Story by H. E. Marshall.

The Friends of the Indians from The Men Who Found America by Frederick Winthrop Hutchinson

CBYR: Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle

C. Henry Kelsey
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 8.5

2) Map(s): take this one and edit it to "end" just beyond Lake Manitoba.

3) Activities: make pemmican. In a more or less tradional way
or use a recipe that's less traditional but more palatable. Here's one with pictures and helpful details about the fat and cut of meat, etc. Also includes a meatless version.

4) Time-line Figure or image: Kelsey on the prairies
placement: 1690

5) Supplemental readings:
a brief biography.
a very nice account from the History of the Hudson's Bay Company site.
An account of Kelsey on the plains.



*do a historical person report.

Lesson 8: The Fur Trade, Talon, and The Fishing Admirals

A. Radisson and Groseilliers
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.1, 7.2, 7.4
CS,
KBCE: pp. 34-35
C&C: p. 26

2) Map(s):
(a) Trace the route Radisson and Groseilliers took to Hudson's bay by land. Colour in the other areas they went to. (Dickie, p. 53)
(b) Locate Fort Charles
(c) Colour all the rivers that "empty into the Hudson's bay" in red. Label it "Rupert's Land." use this map

3) Activities: colouring page of the popular rodent here or try this one. Make a paper model.

Make felt. instructions here. and here making felt from old sweaters, and a good explanation of how it works here

How to make a hat from store bought felt. (Rather advanced).
Making a doll-sized hat from felt.

4) Time-line Figure or image:
placement: 1670, Hudson's Bay Company founded.

5) Supplemental readings:
Why did the Europeans want the beaver?
(see p. 28, Heritage of Canada.)
The Beaver's importance in the fur trade discussed in this article from the on-line Encyclopedia of Canada, youth edition. Includes a nice picture of beaver hats.
Nice little history here with details of R&G's trip to London during the plague.
A rather more extensive account of their travels including their interactions and affect upon Aboriginal Peoples here. A terrific resource for maps and pictures, too.

More Reading:
(some may be out of print)

Runner of the Woods: The Story of Young Radisson by Cicero Theodore Ritchie Gr. 5+

Captured By the Mohawks and other adventures of Radisson by Sterling North Gr. 4+

Bay of the North - The Story of Pierre Radisson
by Ronald Syme
Gr. 3+

CBYR: Pierre-Esprit Radisson


B. Talon
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.3
CS,
C&C: pp. 28-29

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: Great Expectations, Daughters of the King, Birth of the Canadiens.

2) Map(s): see the seigneurial system illustration in The Canadian Encyc. Youth Ed. (link below).

3) Activities: draw your own picture of how the farms would be laid out along the river. Include this on your notebook page.

4) Time-line Figure or image: Jean Talon
placement: 1665 (Talon arrives).

5) Supplemental readings:
Dear Canada Alone in an Untamed Land by Maxine Trottier
Great Canadian Lives, pp.76-77
Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition: The Seigneurial system
If you wanted to spend a lot of time on this, take a look at this grade seven class project on the seigneurial system

CBYR: Jean Talon

C. The Fishing Admirals and the Newfoundlanders
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.5
CS,

2) Map(s): If I can, I'd love to find a map of the settlements established by this time in Newfoundland.

3) Activities: make cod fish cakes.

4) Time-line Figure or image: late 17thC fishing vessel flying the Admiral's standard.
placement: The authority of The Fishing Admirals was first established by King Charles I in 1634.

5) Supplemental readings:
What was a fishing admiral? Read this article from the Encyclopedia of Canada, youth edition.

this article makes it clear that the English government discouraged settlement because 1) they did not want the expense of maintaining a government in the colony year-round and 2) they were not confident they could maintain control of any such colony given what was happening in their colonies to the south. As well, the migratory fishery was in the control of powerful West Country Merchant's who held sway with the English parliament. Thus, the empowerment of the Fishing Admirals and the antagonism between them and the settlers.

photograph of salt cod drying on a wharf. photograph of flakes in Narrow's Bay.

list of books from library