Lesson 11: Peace, Exploration, Government, Louisbourg, and The Great Upheaval

Deportation of Acadians order, read by Winslow in Grand-Pré church, painting by C.W. Jefferys.


A. Life in the French Colony
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.1

2) Map(s): have children colour a map of Upper North America showing the areas claimed by England and those by France. Reference map here

3) Activities: If the seigneury system has not yet been done, this would be a time to look at it.

4) Time-line Figure or image: none

5) Supplemental readings:
Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition: The St. Lawrence River

books from library:


B. La Verendrye's Explorations
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.2
KBCE: p. 36
S of C: p. 63


Video: Episode?

2) Map(s): great reference map. Blackline map of the forts he established.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: great images this article.
placement: First Expedition: 1731
La Verendrye's sons reach the Rockies, 1743

5) Supplemental readings:
Enchanted Learning
The Virtual Museum of New France
An interesting account here of La Verendrye's relationship with the Ojibwa and Cree and how his forts disrupted HBC.

books(s) from library: Pierre de La Vérendrye by Anna Rebus.

C. A Governor comes to Newfoundland.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.3

2) Map(s):

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image:Her Majesties penitentiary, Newfoundland.
placement: Henry Osbourne (Osborne) was commissioned in 1729.

5) Supplemental readings: More info from this site on the Legal History of Newfoundland. Includes source document of his commission.
Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition: none
book(s) from library: none wanted

D. Fortress of Louisbourg
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: (not mentioned)
C&C: Lesson 12, pp. 32-33
F of C: 18-19,


2) Map(s): See Halifax below.

Video: Episode 3--Claiming the Wilderness: 1749 Was a Very Good Year.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or images:
a gallery of images of the reconstructed fort.
Placement: 1713

The plan of the fort and legend

View of the harbour from the fort.

Supplemental Readings:
a very nice entry from Wikipedia
Canadian Encyclopedia, Youth Edition: Louisbourg.

snippet of info on the expulsion of the Acadians and the capture of Louisbourg by the English in 1753 from The War Museum

book(s) from library:
There have always been foxes
Trottier, Maxine.


E. The English Build Halifax
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 10.4
C&C: pp 34-35
F of C: p. 16

Video: Episode 3--Claiming the Wilderness: The Oath, The Great Dispersal.

2) Map(s): reference map here
blackline here

Mark the following: Cape Breton Island, Louisbourg. St. Lawrence River. Annapolis Royal. Bay of Fundy. Halifax. A plan of the settlement here.
(Find images of Louisbourg, Halifax and Annapolis Royal plus historically accurate sailing ships (French and English) to place on map.)

3) Activities: Chop down a tree. (Seriously, the whole place was completely wooded. They has to clear a lot of land to create the settlement.)
Make a Martello Tower (from FofC, p. 17)

4) Time-line Figure or image: An early image of Halifax: plans for the settlement from Collections Canada.
Small, black and white of Cornwallis. Colour portrait from Collections Canada.
placement: 1749

5) Supplemental readings: Not an elementary reading by any means, but thorough: From The History of Nova Scotia, Book 1: Acadia, Part 5, ch 4, (also useful for the expulsion below.)

Other sources:
History of Halifax from Collections Canada
Another brief account here.

book(s) from library:

Elizabeth. Book four, Wide as Wings by Anne Laurel Carter
(Part of Our Canadian Girl series.)

Acadian Homecoming : Congrès mondial acadien
Doucet, Clive, 1946-

Elizabeth: Bless this House by Anne Laurel Carter (from Penguin's "Our Canadian Girl" series)

Banished from our Home, The Acadian Diary of Angélique Richard Grand-Pré, Acadia, 1755 by Sharon Stewart From Scholastic's "Dear Canada" Series

*Life in Acadia by Rosemary Neering (pp. 46-49)

Other Readings (some may be out of print):

Prisoner in Louisbourg by Zillah & Colin Macdonald (Gr. 5+)

Dickie does not mention
1) That the colony was founded to buffer the prescence of the newly built French fortress Louisbourg which had been built to protect the entrance to the St. Lawrence in Cape Breton.
2) how Cornwallis placed a bounty of ten pounds sterling on MicMac scalps, and
3) that the Acadians had thiry years of peace after the founding of Halifax and that throughout numerous "take-overs" had never fought for any side.


F. The Great Upheaval.
MFHC: 10.5
C&C: (see above)

Video: Episode (see above)

2) Map(s): Fantastic interactive map from the CBC on the Acadians. Click here and then click on the "Interactive Atlas."
This pdf. map of the 13 colonies shows where most of the Acadians went. However, it does not show Nova Scotia. (Acadia.)

Trace the dispersion on this map: when I find one, or make one, I'll let you know.
Where did they go?
From Wikipedia

3) Activities:
Sing the Acadian National Anthem. Link here

Colour the Acadian flag. Printable page here. If this doesn't work, the page may also be accessed in the side bar under "Colouring Book of Canadian Flags. Link to a brief description of the flag.

Listen to some great Acadian music. (Cajun is a good search term).
group: Beausoliel; there are many, many others.

4) Time-line Figure or image: painting by C. W. Jeffrys at Wikipedia
placement: 1755-1763

5) Supplemental readings:

Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

book(s) from library:

Banished from our home : the Acadian diary of Angélique Richard by Sharon Stewart. Part of the Dear Canada series.

A Land Divided by John F. Hayes (Gr. 5+)
1755-1763. 285 p. Won Governor General’s Literary Award (Juvenile Text) 1951.

A Proper Acadian by M. A. Downie & G. Rawlyk (Gr. 3+)
Re-published as A Song for Acadia
1755 (Expulsion of Acadians) 62p.

Other readings: (Some may be out of print)
Escape from Grand Pre by Frances C. Thompson (Gr. 2-4)
Evangeline and the Acadians by Robert Tallant (Gr. 3+)
Secret Under the Whirlpool by Elaine Breault Hammond (Gr. 5+)
Streets of Gold by George Rawlyk (Gr. 2-4)

Lesson 8: The Fur Trade, Talon, and The Fishing Admirals

A. Radisson and Groseilliers
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.1, 7.2, 7.4
CS,
KBCE: pp. 34-35
C&C: p. 26

2) Map(s):
(a) Trace the route Radisson and Groseilliers took to Hudson's bay by land. Colour in the other areas they went to. (Dickie, p. 53)
(b) Locate Fort Charles
(c) Colour all the rivers that "empty into the Hudson's bay" in red. Label it "Rupert's Land." use this map

3) Activities: colouring page of the popular rodent here or try this one. Make a paper model.

Make felt. instructions here. and here making felt from old sweaters, and a good explanation of how it works here

How to make a hat from store bought felt. (Rather advanced).
Making a doll-sized hat from felt.

4) Time-line Figure or image:
placement: 1670, Hudson's Bay Company founded.

5) Supplemental readings:
Why did the Europeans want the beaver?
(see p. 28, Heritage of Canada.)
The Beaver's importance in the fur trade discussed in this article from the on-line Encyclopedia of Canada, youth edition. Includes a nice picture of beaver hats.
Nice little history here with details of R&G's trip to London during the plague.
A rather more extensive account of their travels including their interactions and affect upon Aboriginal Peoples here. A terrific resource for maps and pictures, too.

More Reading:
(some may be out of print)

Runner of the Woods: The Story of Young Radisson by Cicero Theodore Ritchie Gr. 5+

Captured By the Mohawks and other adventures of Radisson by Sterling North Gr. 4+

Bay of the North - The Story of Pierre Radisson
by Ronald Syme
Gr. 3+

CBYR: Pierre-Esprit Radisson


B. Talon
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.3
CS,
C&C: pp. 28-29

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: Great Expectations, Daughters of the King, Birth of the Canadiens.

2) Map(s): see the seigneurial system illustration in The Canadian Encyc. Youth Ed. (link below).

3) Activities: draw your own picture of how the farms would be laid out along the river. Include this on your notebook page.

4) Time-line Figure or image: Jean Talon
placement: 1665 (Talon arrives).

5) Supplemental readings:
Dear Canada Alone in an Untamed Land by Maxine Trottier
Great Canadian Lives, pp.76-77
Canadian Encyclopedia, youth edition: The Seigneurial system
If you wanted to spend a lot of time on this, take a look at this grade seven class project on the seigneurial system

CBYR: Jean Talon

C. The Fishing Admirals and the Newfoundlanders
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 7.5
CS,

2) Map(s): If I can, I'd love to find a map of the settlements established by this time in Newfoundland.

3) Activities: make cod fish cakes.

4) Time-line Figure or image: late 17thC fishing vessel flying the Admiral's standard.
placement: The authority of The Fishing Admirals was first established by King Charles I in 1634.

5) Supplemental readings:
What was a fishing admiral? Read this article from the Encyclopedia of Canada, youth edition.

this article makes it clear that the English government discouraged settlement because 1) they did not want the expense of maintaining a government in the colony year-round and 2) they were not confident they could maintain control of any such colony given what was happening in their colonies to the south. As well, the migratory fishery was in the control of powerful West Country Merchant's who held sway with the English parliament. Thus, the empowerment of the Fishing Admirals and the antagonism between them and the settlers.

photograph of salt cod drying on a wharf. photograph of flakes in Narrow's Bay.

list of books from library

Lesson 7: Three Colonies

The Battle of Long Sault.

A. Pirates in Newfoundland.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.1
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 52-53, "The Two G's."
"Lend me Your Ears," and
"Pirate Fodder."
The Story of Canada, p. 47, "The Pirate Admiral"

2) Map(s):none.

3) Activities:
This is an excellent resource for a unit study culminating in a pirate lap book and other activities.

Shiver me timbers, build a a toddler sized pirate ship! (or something smaller, if you must.)

Crafts and worksheets from enchanted learning
pirate ship colouring page
label a sailboat

4) Time-line Figure or image: a scull and crossbones here (click to enlarge). (The page will help you plan a whole pirate themed party!)

excellent black and white image as well as a thoughtful history of piracy.

placement: in 1615 John Guy left the colony, never to return. The colony at Cupids itself was abandoned in 1631.

5) Supplemental readings:

biography of Peter Easton
Real Canadian Pirates from Lone Pine Publishing.

CBYR: Peter Easton

list of books from library: none.

B. The Acadian Civil War.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 6.2*
CS,
*Dickie refers to D'Aulnay as Charnisay. As this site makes clear, they were indeed the same person.

2) Map(s):
Find and mark both Port Royal (from previous map) and Saint John (from atlas) on this map.
3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: Image of d'Aulnay
Nice image of Lady LaTour

placement: 1645

5) Supplemental readings:
More on Mdme LaTour's defence of the fort
More history of Port Royalhere. scroll down.

list of books from library. (on Acadia, generally).

*do a Historical report on Mdme. LaTour.

C. Two Women Come to Quebec.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.3
CS,

2) Map(s): (see following Section E)

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image: terrific french language site with lots of original images including the arrival of the Ursuline nuns.
placement: 1639

5) Supplemental readings:
on Mdme de la Peltrie from The Catholic Encyclopedia
on "Mother Marie"
on both

list of books from library: none.

D. The Founding of Ville Marie (Montreal)
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.4
CS,
C&C: p.24

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: A Holy City in the Wilderness, Death of a Nation

2) Map(s): See Map section after E.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image
placement: see a wonderful picture of the settlement at Ville Marie at the site in (4) above.

placement: 1642

5) Supplemental readings:
from Ford, Karen: Canadian Lives: Paul de Maisonneuve, p. 52-52 and Jeanne Mance, p.54

book from library:
Caring for a colony : the story of Jeanne Mance by Joanna Emery

CBYR: Paul de Chomedy de Maisonneuve,
Jeanne Mance, and
Marguerite Bourgeoys

E. The Iroquois Attack: The Missions Destroyed and the Battle of Long Sault.

1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: 6.5, 6.6

2) Map(s): (a) Place the four missions on the map of the Great Lakes Region.

(b) Using an atlas, locate Quebec City (blue),
the Long Sault* (green),
Trois Riviers (Three Rivers)(yellow)
and Ville Marie (Montreal) (red) and put on this map

*Locating Long Sault: On the Ottawa River, below the present city of Ottawa.

3) Activities:

4) Time-line Figure or image:
Dollard on a postage stamp (1960)
placement: Retreat from Huronia: 1649
Battle of long Sault: 1660

5) Supplemental readings: On the Battle of Long Sault.
more on Dollard
another account of the battle from Canada Post(same site as above)

list of books from library: (none).

Lesson 6: The Fur Trade Goes Inland, The French and English clash in Acadia, Missions

(Etienne Brule at the Mouth of the Humber from Collections Canada)

A. The Fur Trade Goes Inland
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 5.1
CHD: P. 60-64, Intro, "Life and Times of Samuel Champlain," Iroquois vs. Canadien, Coureurs de bois and voyageurs, The First Habitant, Company of 100.
KBCE, p. 35, profile of Etienne Brule.
C&C: p. 20

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: A Frenchman in Huronia, A Precarious Colony

2) Map: locate Georgian Bay and Lake Huron. Trace Champlain's route. Locate Three Rivers (Trois Riviers). (see Dickie, p. 33 for map of route.) Could use this map of Ontario or use this one.
I made one here. The *key* or reference map is at the Museum of Civilizations site: here. Scroll to the bottom and click on the map to make it bigger.

3) Activities: colour this picture if possible.
Make a canoe

4) Time-line Figure or image: This is a wonderful sketch (though small) of Brule making the last portage on his way to Lake Ontario.
placement: 1615

5) Supplemental readings: This is meant to be a very quick introduction to the Fur Trade.
However, there is an account of some of Champlain's adventures written up in Champlain Discovers Lake Ontario from A Book of Discovery by M. B. Synge

CBYR: Etienne Brule

B. The French and English Clash in Acadia.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: ch 5.2
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 69-71, "Meanwhile, Back in Acadia."
"Membertou: The Unsung Father of Acadia?"
"Argall Attacks!"

*Dickie does not make this clear, but Poutrincourt was an associate of De Monts (who had abandoned the colony in 1607). He returned to Port Royal in 1610 to start anew. When he got there, he found the garden had been tended and manitained by the Mi'kmaq. (Will Ferguson, Canadian History for Dummies, p. 69)

2) Map(s): Of the Eastern Coast of North America: To be uploaded
or look at previous map of Port Royal, Nova Scotia: black-line map

3) Activities: There is this colouring page from a school project.

*Indicate the Argall attack on your conflict worksheet. (To be uploaded)

For a Logic stage child: Begin a report on Acadia.
1. Read: "Writing a report." (to be uploaded to a reliable web hosting site).

4) Time-line Figure or image: sack of Port Royal from collections Canada
placement: 1613

5) Supplemental readings:
books from library: none.(Samuel Argall is an interesting historical figure, but peripheral to Canadian history).

C. Missions.
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: ch. 5.3
KBCE: pp. 30-31
C&C: pp. 22-23
F of C: pp. 12-13
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 66-67, "Black Robes"
"The Impact of the Jesuits," "Ste. Marie Among the Hurons."

2) Map(s): black outline map of Ontario. St. Marie among the Hurons was established in what is now Midland Ont.

3) Activities:
Oh, to live in Ontario, anywhere within driving distance of Georgian Bay. Looks like a great place.
play The Huron Carol
Take an interactive tour of the historic Ste. Marie Among the Hurons.

4) Time-line Figure or image: great image of the reconstructed long house here.
pencil drawing of Brebeuf by Helen Hull Hitchcock.
placement: 1639

5) Supplemental readings:
Great bit of history from Ministry of Tourism, Ontario.
list of books from library: one, Missionaries by Heather C. Hudak

CBYR: Jean de Brebeuf

The Jesuit Missions: A Chronicle of the Cross in the Wilderness by Guthrie Marquis, Thomas
Librivox here (with links to gutenburg and other on-line sources of the book). Please preview. It may be a bit dry for some.

Lesson 5: Champlain, Settlements and Hudson

A. Samuel de Champlain

1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 4.1 (Journey to Tadoussac)
4.2 Founding of Port Royal
4.3 Founding of Quebec
KBCE, p. 26-27
C&C: p. 18
F of C: p. 10 (Port Royal)
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 44-46, "Champlain to the Rescue" (The misadventure at St. Croix, the founding of Port Royal, (Acadia) and Quebec City.
The Story of Canada, p. 36-37, "Fur Traders"

Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 59-65
"Iroquois Versus Champlain: The Lines are Drawn"
"Coureurs de Bois and Voyageurs" (Etienne Brule)
"The First Habitant" (1617, Louis Hebert)
"Company of One Hundred" (The Recollects, the first missionaries)
"The Kirke Brothers Take Quebec"
"The Death of Champlain"

The Story of Canada: pp. 46-53
"Introduction," "The Corngrowers," "Champlain's Colony."

Video: Episode 2: Adventures and Mystics: Champlain's Gamble, The Price of Friendship.

2) Maps:
Of his journeys here.
Of the founding of Port Royal: here. It's in the same location as Annapolis Royal. (Note St. Croix across the river.)
or use the map "Champlain's Exploration" in Chapter 4 of the Student Activity Guide for Story of The World Vol. 3.

The Canadian Historical Atlas has five of his journeys mapped on The Atlantic Coast and Saint Lawrence River 1603 to 1607 Sadly, his trips to Huronia and to Lake Champlain are not among them.

3) Activities:

Port Royal:
Take a virtual tour of Port Royal National Park. (A bit wordy for young kids, though).

Appoint one child the Grand Master of the Order of Good Cheer for the day. Have the child plan dinner and the evening's entertainment for the family.

Champlain and the Alqonquin and the Montagnais
Colouring page, p. 27, Dover (Champlain trains his Native Allies to use the matchlock musket)

Founding Quebec:
A line drawing of the Habitation at Quebec by C.W. Jeffrey's (can be used as a colouring page)

Defending Quebec:
For Logic Stage kids: Write a letter home or keep a journal for one week describing living in the habitation during the winter of 1628/9.

For Logic Stage kids (or older): What was the treaty called which restored Quebec and Acadia back to France? (hint: it was most likely signed in 1632).

For Logic Stage Kids: Begin the chart "Back and Forth (between the British and French)" to keep track of the possessions handed back and forth during the conflicts in North America. (See template, to be uploaded to a reliable file hosting site)

For Logic stage kids: Compare the voyages of Cabot, Cartier and Champlain using this chart. (To be uploaded to a reliable file hosting site). Construct a venn diagram, if wanted, then write a few sentences comparing the explorers using the data.

4) Time-line Figure or image: from Britannica
see also C&C, Champlain's Habitation, p. 70 (it is based on the Jeffrey's above)
or Champlain's drawing at this site from The Canadian Encyclopedia.
placement: 1605 for Port Royal, 1608 for Quebec

5) Supplemental readings:
brief biography here
more details here.
History of Port Royal.
The Father of New France from The Men Who Found America by Frederick Winthrop Hutchinson
The Father of New France and The Founding of Quebec from Our Empire Story by H. E. Marshall
see also How a Bold Answer Saved Quebec and How the Union Jack was Hoisted Upon the Fort of St. Louis."


CBYR: Samuel de Champlain

B. The English Settle
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 4.4
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 51-54, "Rule Britannia! An Empire Founded by Fog?"


2) Maps: Blackline map of Newfoundland found here. You can crop and re-size it or use this historic one from Histoire du Chevalier d'Iberville by Adam-Charles-Gustave Desmazures at Project Gutenberg or this one (to be uploaded to a reliable file hosting web site).

Whichever map you choose, you'll have to do a bit of research to locate Cupids. Using an atlas,
1) Find Newfoundland
2) Find the Avalon Peninsula, label it on your map
(what is a peninsula?)
3) Label St. John's
4) Find Trinity Bay and Conception Bay, label them on your map.
5) Find Cupids. It will be south of Harbour Grace and Bay Roberts. (see p. 31 of Heritage Canada or the maps at this B&B site for help if needed).

3) Activities: Map-work (see above).

4) Time-line Figure or image: sketch of John Guy
placement: 1610

5) Supplemental readings: contains a useful map
a whole site devoted to the area.
this site is an amusing account of Newfoundland history. Contains a really useful section explaining the differences between the English method of getting cod ready for transport and the others'. Worth printing out the section for the kids to read. (and then sequence)

Could try Newfoundland, history if wanted.

C. Henry Hudson
1) Primary Texts:
MFHC: Ch. 4.5
KBCE, p. 28-29
Canadian History for Dummies: pp. 49-51, "The Lonely Fate of Henry Hudson" and "The Mystery of Henry Hudson."
Story of Canada: pp. 38-41, "Northern Seas."

2) Maps: excellent map of the last two voyages here

Blackline map: modify Map of the American Colonies, from Story of the World Activity Guide, Volume 2, Student pages, Ch 40, p. 161. or
use the map in the Story of the World Activity Guide, Volume 3, Student pages, Ch. 4, p. 11

3) Activities:
Colouring page: p. 30, Dover or Story of the World Activity Guide, Volume 3, Student pages, Ch. 4, p. 13

4) Time-line Figure or image: Hudson
placement: 1610

5) Supplemental readings:

Non Fiction:
Beyond the Sea of Ice: The Voyages of Henry Hudson by Joan Elizabeth Goodman. Beautiful and engaging.
Henry Hudson: Famous Explorers by Claude Hurwicz.
Hudson: Henry Hudson Searches for the Northwest Passage by Robin Santos Doak.

detailed account of the third voyage from a website devoted entirely to him.
Hudson Finds His Bay from A Book of Discovery by M. B. Synge

CBYR: Henry Hudson

Fiction:
Ghosts of James Bay by John Wilson

Lesson 4b & c: Gilbert and Drake

1) Primary Sources:
MFHC: 3.3 (Gilbert) and 3.4 (Drake)
Canadian History for Dummies: covers Gilbert with John Guy.
For a more lively (and longer) account of Drake's voyage see Drake's Famous Voyage Around the World by M. B. Synge from A Book of Discovery
CBYR: Humphry Gilbert

2) Map: Draw route of Drake's voyage. Map here (Look up and label from Dickie's map on p. 20)

3) Activities: Colour in the flag of St. George for England. One here.
Colour in map of land claimed for New France (blue) and land claimed for England. (red) Map here.
1578.
Key:
Blue: France
Red: Britain

4) Timeline figures or images: Gilbert. This site looks like a great resource for older students as well, including links to primary source documents.
Drake
placement: Gilbert: 1583
Drake: 1579

5) Supplementary readings: brief history of Gilbert here with map of voyage.

Gilbert's contribution to the exploration of the North-West passage briefly discussed here.

Procedure:
Quick narrations
Map work.

Chapter review questions cover Lesson 4, parts a and b and c.